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最近，美國佐治亞理工學院工程師開發出一種光學整流天線，能把光直接轉變成直流電。研究人員認為，這一成果有望提供一種無需制冷的光檢測新技術，也能收集廢熱轉化成電力，并最終成為利用太陽能的一條新途徑。



該光學整流天線能在5℃到77℃的溫度下工作，是以碳納米管作為天線，捕獲陽光或其他光源。當光波撞擊納米管，產生的振蕩電荷會通過整流 器，整流器以千兆赫茲的頻率開關，產生微小的直流電。雖然目前設備的效率只有1％，但數十億整流天線排成陣列，就能產生強大電流。



整流天線開發于上世紀六七十年代，一般在10微米左右的波長范圍工作，而新的整流天線進入到可見光范圍，要求天線和整流二極管足夠小，并能 極快地捕獲電磁振蕩。該校喬治·伍德拉夫機械工程學院副教授巴拉圖德·科拉解釋說：“整流天線本質上是一個天線配上一個二極管，但到了可見光范圍，意味著 用納米天線配上一個金屬—絕緣—金屬二極管。天線與二極管之間離得越近，效率就越高。所以，理想的結構是把天線用作二極管中的金屬——這就是我們造的結 構。”

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